The Indus Valley Civilization PDF is a great resource to learn about one of the earliest urban societies in the world. Here we will share a precise and comprehensive PDF of it.
Indus Valley Civilization PDF Free Download
Details of the PDF
| PDF Name | Indus Valley Civilization PDF |
| Size | 533 KB |
| Number of Pages | 16 |
| Language | English |
| Credit | blogmedia.testbook.com |
| Categories | Jobs & Education |
About the Indus Valley Civilization
Another name of the Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) is the Harappan Civilization. Now it is situated in Pakistan and north western part of India. This Civilization is a testament to splendid urban planning and exquisite architecture.
Salient Features of the IVC
- Urban planning: Cities were constructed with well-planned streets, drainage systems, and large baths.
- Architecture: At that time Buildings were constructed from uniformly sized bricks. The Great Bath of Mohenjo-Daro was an all-time masterpiece of architectural achievement.
- Economy: The economy was mainly dependent on agriculture, trade, and crafts.
- Writing System: The Indus script was undeciphered, therefore it was a complex system of communication. Manifold seals that were used for administrative and commercial purposes have been found.
- Social Organization: Many social organizations have a profound existence during that time.
Major Sites of the IVC
- Harappa: It is now located in Punjab and Pakistan. Excavations have revealed Harappa’s advanced urban planning, granaries, and a variety of artifacts(pottery and seals).
- Mohenjo-Daro: It is now Situated in Sindh, Pakistan. The Great Bath, well-planned drainage system, and organized streets reflect the excellent urban planning of Mohenjo-Daro.
- Lothal: Lothal now in Gujarat, is an important port city of the IVC. It featured a dockyard and was popular for trade activities.
- Dholavira: Dholavira now in Gujarat, India, is famous for its unique water harnessing system and the use of stone in construction.
- Rakhigarhi: Rakhigarhi is one of the largest sites of IVC. It is situated in Haryana, India in the present day.
- Kalibangan: Located in Rajasthan, India, Kalibangan provides evidence of wooden plough, camel bone, and fire altar.
Other significant sites of IVC are Chanhudaro, Amri, and Banawali.
Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
The decline of the Indus Valley Civilization remains a mooted point of ancient history. Feasible reasons include natural calamities, climate change, and changes in river patterns that diminished agricultural productivity. The gradual decline of urban centers commenced the end of this remarkable civilization.
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